You can do this with make - with gnu make it is the -j flag (this will also help on a uniprocessor machine).
For example if you want 4 parallel jobs from make:
make -j 4
You can also run gcc in a pipe with
gcc -pipe
This will pipeline the compile stages, which will also help keep the cores busy.
If you have additional machines available too, you might check out distcc, which will farm compiles out to those as well.
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