python - Safely evaluate simple string equation

Question

I'm writing a program in which an equation is inputted as a string, then evaluated. So far, I've come up with this:

test_24_string = str(input("Enter your answer: "))
test_24 = eval(test_24_string)

I need both a string version of this equation and an evaluated version. However, eval is a very dangerous function. Using int() doesn't work, though, because it's an equation. Is there a Python function that will evaluate a mathematical expression from a string, as if inputting a number?

Answer 1

One way would be to use numexpr. It's mostly a module for optimizing (and multithreading) numpy operations but it can also handle mathematical python expressions:

>>> import numexpr
>>> numexpr.evaluate('2 + 4.1 * 3')
array(14.299999999999999)

You can call .item on the result to get a python-like type:

>>> numexpr.evaluate('17 / 3').item()
5.666666666666667

It's a 3rd party extension module so it may be total overkill here but it's definetly safer than eval and supports quite a number of functions (including numpy and math operations). If also supports "variable substitution":

>>> b = 10
>>> numexpr.evaluate('exp(17) / b').item()
2415495.27535753

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One way with the python standard library, although very limited is ast.literal_eval. It works for the most basic data types and literals in Python:

>>> import ast
>>> ast.literal_eval('1+2')
3

But fails with more complicated expressions like:

>>> ast.literal_eval('import os')
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> ast.literal_eval('exec(1+2)')
ValueError: malformed node or string: <_ast.Call object at 0x0000023BDEADB400>

Unfortunatly any operator besides + and - isn't possible:

>>> ast.literal_eval('1.2 * 2.3')
ValueError: malformed node or string: <_ast.BinOp object at 0x0000023BDEF24B70>

I copied part of the documentation here that contains the supported types:

Safely evaluate an expression node or a string containing a Python literal or container display. The string or node provided may only consist of the following Python literal structures: strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and None.