typescript - How to avoid imports with very long relative paths in Angular 2?

Question

How can I introduce something like 'my-app-name/services' to avoid lines like the following import?

import {XyService} from '../../../services/validation/xy.service';

Answer 1

TypeScript 2.0+

In TypeScript 2.0 you can add a baseUrl property in tsconfig.json:

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "baseUrl": "."
        // etc...
    },
    // etc...
}

Then you can import everything as if you were in the base directory:

import {XyService} from "services/validation/xy.service";

On top of this, you could add a paths property, which allows you to match a pattern then map it out. For example:

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "baseUrl": ".",
        "paths": {
            "services/*": [
                "services/validation/*"
            ]
        }
        // etc...
    },
    // etc...
}

Which would allow you to import it from anywhere like so:

import {XyService} from "services/xy.service";

From there, you will need to configure whatever module loader you are using to support these import names as well. Right now the TypeScript compiler doesn't seem to automatically map these out.

You can read more about this in the github issue. There is also a rootDirs property which is useful when using multiple projects.

Pre TypeScript 2.0 (Still applicable in TS 2.0+)

I've found it can be made easier by using "barrels".

1. In each folder, create an index.ts file.
2. In these files, re-export each file within the folder.

Example

In your case, first create a file called my-app-name/services/validation/index.ts. In this file, have the code:

export * from "./xy.service";

Then create a file called my-app-name/services/index.ts and have this code:

export * from "./validation";

Now you can use your service like so (index is implied):

import {XyService} from "../../../services";

And once you have multiple files in there it gets even easier:

import {XyService, MyOtherService, MyOtherSerivce2} from "../../../services";

Having to maintain these extra files is a bit more work upfront (the work can be eliminated using barrel-maintainer), but I've found it pays off in the end with less work. It's much easier to do major directory structure changes and it cuts down on the number of imports you have to do.

Caution

When doing this there's a few things you have to watch for and can't do:

1. You have to watch for circular re-exports. So if files in two sub-folders reference each other, then you'll need to use the full path.
2. You shouldn't go back a folder from the same original folder (ex. being in a file in the validation folder and doing import {XyService} from "../validation";). I've found this and the first point can lead to errors of imports not being defined.
3. Finally you can't have two exports in a sub-folder that have the same name. Usually that isn't an issue though.