c - confusion regarding range of char

Question

As we know that the range of char is -128 to 127.

The 2's compliment of -128 and the binary of 128 is same, which is

10000000

So why the range of char is -128 to 127 but not -127 to 128 .
Where as in case of int , 128 and -128 both are different.

Answer 1

In twos-complement notation, whenever the high-order bit is 1, the number is negative. So the biggest positive number is

01111111 = 127

and the smallest negative number is

10000000 = -128

The same thing happens for int, but its range is much larger. The biggest positive int is

01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 = 2147483647

and the smallest negative int is

10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 = -2147483648

As you can see, in both cases, the smallest negative is 1 more than the biggest positive.

You might be wondering, If there are the same number of bits other than the sign bit, why are there more negative numbers than positives? That's because you're not counting 0. It has 0 in the high-order bit, so it's considered positive in this notation. When you include that, there are 128 negative chars, and 128 non-negative chars, and they balance equally.