Underscore _ as variable name in Python

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Answer 1

Yep, _ is a traditional name for "don't care" (which unfortunately clashes with its use in I18N, but that's a separate issue;-). BTW, in today's Python, instead of:

_,s = min( (len( values[s]), s) 
            for s in squares 
            if len(values[s]) > 1
        )

you might code

s = min((s for s in squares if len(values[s])>1), 
        key=lambda s: len(values[s]))

(not sure what release of Python Peter was writing for, but the idiom he's using is an example of "decorate-sort-undecorate" [[DSU]] except with min instead of sort, and in today's Python the key= optional parameter is generally the best way to do DSU;-).