No, a Linux container will run equally fast on any Linux distribution. The container is only dependent on the Kernel, which is the same in all Linux distributions.
However if you run a Linux container on Windows there is no native Linux Kernel available on the system. Docker for Windows solves that by running a virtual machine of a slimmed down Linux distribution to create an environment in which the container can run. There is a small overhead in doing this so it is true that running a Linux container on Windows is slower due to virtualization. The same goes for running Linux containers on iOS.
与恶龙缠斗过久,自身亦成为恶龙;凝视深渊过久,深渊将回以凝视…