As I mentioned in an answer to Functions to manipulate RDF collections in SPARQL, you can do some mathematics in SPARQL, which is a query language for RDF. For encoding arbitrary mathematical formulas (which is what the title suggests), you might also be interested in
Wenzel, Ken, and Heiner Reinhardt. "Mathematical Computations for
Linked Data Applications with OpenMath." Joint Proceedings of the
24th Workshop on OpenMath and the 7th Workshop on Mathematical User
Interfaces (MathUI). 2012.
All that said, what you're describing here (that the value of of some property will have a value less than a certain number), is expressible in OWL. Your particular situation was:
Concept X causes concept Y. And, we now know that concept Y has property ABC < 30 always.
I'm not sure what you mean by a concept causing another, but you can say that every instance of Y has only values less than 30 for the property ABC. That's pretty straightforward. It's the axiom (in Manchester syntax)
Y subClassOf ABC only xsd:integer[< 30]
and in DL syntax:
Y ⊑ ∀ABC.xsd:integer[< 30]
In Protégé that looks like:
![facet subclass axiom](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mCsuB.png)
and in the RDF representation of the OWL ontology (in Turtle and RDF/XML):
@prefix : <https://stackoverflow.com/q/24134785/1281433/facets#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
:ABC a owl:DatatypeProperty .
<https://stackoverflow.com/q/24134785/1281433/facets>
a owl:Ontology .
:Y a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom [ a rdfs:Datatype ;
owl:onDatatype xsd:integer ;
owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:maxExclusive
30 ] )
] ;
owl:onProperty :ABC
] .
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns="https://stackoverflow.com/q/24134785/1281433/facets#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="https://stackoverflow.com/q/24134785/1281433/facets"/>
<owl:Class rdf:about="https://stackoverflow.com/q/24134785/1281433/facets#Y">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="https://stackoverflow.com/q/24134785/1281433/facets#ABC"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:allValuesFrom>
<rdfs:Datatype>
<owl:onDatatype rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer"/>
<owl:withRestrictions rdf:parseType="Collection">
<rdf:Description>
<xsd:maxExclusive rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer"
>30</xsd:maxExclusive>
</rdf:Description>
</owl:withRestrictions>
</rdfs:Datatype>
</owl:allValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
</rdf:RDF>
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