I think you are almost there. You are quite right. You can deploy the frontend angular app dist folder to S3 as a static website, then deploying your backend spring-boot app on docker is perfect. This can run on elastic beanstalk, ec2, ECS, and now even lambda.
You will need environment variables for the backend and frontend code, so they know how to communicate with each other, i.e., https://my_S3_URL_angular_site.com/ for your S3 bucket and https://my_EC2_URL_springboot_server.com/, but you do not need to use any proxies.
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