I suppose there is no actually other legacy way to handle glabal system state, only
(ActivityManager)getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
ActivityManager.getRecentTasks() - Return a list of the tasks that are currently running, with the most recent being first and older ones after in order.
For details check docs
Perhaps though Android is a Linux you can run system tools like
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ps -aux | grep smth")
But I think it would be hard to detect particular java application.
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