On Windows you can attach WinDbg to a process, corrupt some register or memory and detach. For instance you can set instruction pointer to 0 for some active application thread.
windbg -pn notepad.exe
Right after attach, current thread is set to debug thread, so you need to change to app thread to make it crash with RIP register update
0:008> ~0s
0:000> rip=0
0:000> qd
与恶龙缠斗过久,自身亦成为恶龙;凝视深渊过久,深渊将回以凝视…